Climate change has a significant impact on weather patterns throughout the world, one of which is an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods. Global flooding is becoming an increasingly real threat due to rising global temperatures, melting polar ice, and changes in rainfall patterns. One of the main factors contributing to flooding is an increase in extreme rainfall. As the temperature of the atmosphere rises, the water vapor that can be held also increases, causing heavier rain in a short period of time. According to the Ipcc report, in some regions, extreme rainfall could increase by up to 20% in the next few decades, increasing the risk of flooding in areas previously safe from flooding. In addition, melting ice in Greenland and Antarctica also contributes to rising sea levels. According to research, global sea levels have risen by about 20 cm since the beginning of the 20th century. This causes coastal areas, which are already vulnerable, to be increasingly threatened by tidal waves and tidal floods. Large cities such as Jakarta, Bangkok and Venice face serious risks that could result in major economic and social losses. Climate change also affects river flow patterns. As temperatures rise, snow in the mountains melts earlier, which can lead to irregular river flow cycles. In some situations, reduced river flows in the dry season are followed by severe flooding in the wet season, increasing the risk of flooding in large river basins such as the Mekong River, the Amazon River, and the Mississippi River. In addition, deforestation and unplanned urbanization exacerbate the impact of climate change on flooding. Deforestation contributes to the loss of soil absorption capacity, while unsustainable infrastructure development reduces the capacity of waterways to carry rainwater. As a result, areas with hardened surfaces such as concrete and asphalt are more susceptible to waterlogging. The impact of flooding is not only limited to physical damage. Flooding can affect water quality, resulting in an increased risk of water-borne diseases, and disrupt food supplies by destroying agricultural land. Furthermore, the most vulnerable communities are often the main victims, creating even greater social injustice in the context of flood prevention and post-flood recovery. Adaptation strategies are becoming increasingly important in facing the threat of flooding due to climate change. The development of green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and sustainable drainage systems, can help reduce the impact of flooding. In addition, public awareness and effective data-based policies need to be strengthened to mitigate the risks posed by climate change. With increasing awareness of climate change, international collaboration is also key in addressing waste, water management and environmental policy. All parties, from governments to individuals, have a responsibility to function sustainably to reduce the increasing risk of global flooding.
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